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Valley of Death ((ポーランド語:Dolina Śmierci)) in Fordon, Bydgoszcz, northern Poland, is a site of Nazi German mass murder committed at the beginning of World War II; and a mass grave of 1,200 – 1,400 Poles and Jews murdered in October and November 1939 by the local German ''Selbstschutz'' and the Gestapo.〔Encyklopedia PWN, (Intelligenzaktion. September–November 1939. ) 〕〔(Piąta kolumna (Jungdeutsche Partei, Deutsche Vereinigung, Deutscher Volksbund, Deutscher Volksverbarid). ) Kampania Wrześniowa 1939.pl (2006). Retrieved 2 November 2015.〕 The murders were a part of Intelligenzaktion in Pomerania, a Nazi action aimed at the elimination of the Polish intelligentsia in Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia, which included the former Pomeranian Voivodeship ("Polish Corridor"). It was part of a larger genocidal action that took place in all German occupied Poland, code-named Operation Tannenberg.〔Saul Friedländer, ''( Das dritte Reich und die Juden )'', C.H. Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-54966-7.〕 ==History== (詳細はintelligentsia: teachers, priests, office workers, were listed on so called ''Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen'' (a list of people destined to be executed, made by Third Reich officials before World War II) and another list made by Gestapo during the war. The perpetrators were mainly from the new ''Selbstschutz'' battalions called the ''Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz'', a paramilitary formation of civilian shooters composed of men from the German minority of pre-war Poland, as well as the ''Einsatzkommando'' 16 of ''SS Einsatzgruppen'' under command of ''SS-Sturmbannführer'' dr Rudolf Tröger.〔Jochen Böhler, Klaus-Michael Mallmann, Jürgen Matthäus: ''( Einsatzgruppen in Polen )'' Warsaw: Bellona, 2009. ISBN 9788311115880, pp. 44-45.〕 Between September 1939 and April 1940 Selbstschutz - together with other Nazi-German formations - murdered tens of thousands of Poles in Pomerania. Established investigations point to Ludolf von Alvensleben and Jakub Löllgen, as the main organizers of the mass murder. Other Germans involved in the crime were: ''Sturmbannführers'' Erich Spaarmann, Meier, Schnugg, ''SS-Sturmbannführer'' dr Rudolf Tröger, ''SS man'' Baks, and a number of ''Volksdeutsche'' including Wilhelm Neumann, Herbert Beitsch, Otto Erlichmann (Nazi mayor of Fordon), and Walter Gassmann. Other Nazi German mass murder sites in Bydgoszcz area are the villages of Tryszczyn and Borówno. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Valley of Death (Bydgoszcz)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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